During the operation of landfills for the storage of garbage, waste-processing complexes, or during transportation of waste, hazardous substances contained in the composition of the waste can be released into the water bodies. The work aims to ensure environmental safety in the field of hazardous waste management and improve the efficiency of assessing their integrated impact on water bodies using methods and means of multispectral environmental monitoring. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to ensure the environmental safety of water bodies by increasing the reliability of monitoring the parameters of water pollution and the ecological state of water bodies following the tasks of environmental monitoring, taking into account their optical and physical characteristics by improving multispectral methods and developing appropriate hardware and software. When solving the inverse problem, the parameters of phytoplankton in the near-surface layer of the aquatic environment are determined using multiple regression based on the resulting array of multispectral images of the surface of the water body. When using bioindication of the ecological state of water bodies by macrophytes using the method of multispectral environmental monitoring, it is possible to determine the concentration of the main chromophores in higher aquatic plants (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, etc.), the species composition of communities of higher aquatic plants, the relative sizes of damaged leaf areas. The assessment of the ecological status of water bodies is carried out based on the biodiversity indices obtained from the study of the species composition of phytoplankton or macrophytes. In several modern studies, the development of the synergetic theory of the management of complex natural-man-made systems is being carried out, which can be used to assess the ecological state of water bodies. At the same time, the properties of the ecosystem, its synergistic characteristics are manifested in the interaction with environmental factors. To assess the ecological status of water bodies using a synergistic approach, it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of populations of aquatic organisms, which will determine the phase portrait of the fluctuations in the dynamics of populations of aquatic organisms. In this context, it is possible to use the developed multispectral methods and means of control, which will allow determining the necessary characteristics of populations for
phytoplankton and higher aquatic plants in natural water bodies and model ecosystems. Research and improvement of measuring tools and new methods for monitoring the integral parameters of water pollution to improve the efficiency of environmental monitoring of water bodies and assessing the impact of anthropogenic factors on them has been conducted, which has allowed developing new concepts and methods for environmental protection and rational nature management.