The role of water resources at the present stage of human development becomes more and more significant every year and, actually, just the availability of water resources of required quality limits the further production force growth, city enlargement and the improvement of living standards and industry and agriculture development. The water supply deficit reduction and the water supply level increase are some of the priority national objectives, which are also related to the international obligations of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The prospects for fresh groundwater supply under anthropogenic impact conditions are given in the article for the water-stressed region as exemplified by Nur-Sultan city. Currently, the centralized water supply of Nur-Sultan city is provided by supplying water from the Vyacheslav Water Reservoir on the Esil River, which under the existing population size, does not satisfy completely the city’s water demand. The problem of utility and drinking water supply in the capital becomes more acute due to the growth population and its economic activity and, increased impact on natural components and geosystems. As a result of consolidation and analysis of the information on the anthropogenic impact as the most significant factor of change in the groundwater formation conditions, the article shows it's the negative impact on the fresh groundwater resource quantity and quality. It is noted that the main groundwater pollutants in the research area are the sewage ponds, domestic and industrial waste deposits of Nur-Sultan city, as well as the livestock breeding complexes, filtration fields and ash-disposal areas. According to the monitoring results, the areas of groundwater pollution have been identified in the zone of individual deposit influence. Various methods of geophysical and geochemical surveys, as well as the Earth remote sensing methods are used to identify large pollution areolas and prospective areas for groundwater exploration.